Diagnostic Support

Ultrasound is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the body’s internal organs and tissues. In assisted reproduction treatments, ultrasound is used to assess the health and function of reproductive organs, such as the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Ultrasound is also used to guide in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures, such as ovarian puncture and embryo transfer. In addition, it is used to evaluate ovarian reserve and endometrial receptivity
Ultrasound is an important tool in assisted reproduction treatments, as it allows doctors to evaluate the health and function of reproductive organs, guide IVF procedures, and evaluate ovarian reserve and endometrial receptivity.

Blood tests:

Blood tests play a crucial role in fertility treatments by providing detailed information on various hormonal and reproductive health aspects. These tests help doctors evaluate the function of the reproductive organs, identify possible hormonal imbalances. The results of these tests, combined with other studies and evaluations, will guide the fertility treatment approach to optimize the chances of conception. It is important to remember that each patient is unique, and specific tests may vary depending on individual circumstances. 

Some of the common blood tests performed during fertility treatments are:

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): FSH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries. Elevated FSH levels may indicate decreased ovarian reserve and ovarian quality problems.

Luteinizing (LH): LH is also produced by the pituitary gland and plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle and ovulation. The relationship between FSH and LH may provide additional information about ovarian function.

Estradiol (E2): Estradiol is a form of estrogen made by the ovaries. Estradiol levels are evaluated in conjunction with FSH during the onset of the menstrual cycle to obtain a more complete picture of ovarian function. Among other functions it allows to complete secondary sexual development and female sexual characteristics, stimulates egg maturation within the follicle and activates the release of LH, thus inducing ovulation. In addition, along with progesterone, it is involved in the preparation of the endometrium for embryonic implantation.

Progesterone (P4): Measured to assess whether ovulation has occurred. Elevated progesterone levels indicate that ovulation has occurred. It acts during the second phase of the menstrual cycle preparing the endometrium for embryonic implantation. It is also responsible for maintaining the pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur and its level drops, it causes the expulsion of the endometrium known as menstruation. Total Testosterone (T): It is the male hormone par excellence. However, women produce low testosterone levels which must subsequently be converted into estrogens. However, diseases such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia or polycystic ovaries, levels may be elevated.

Antimüllerian hormone (AMH): This hormone is secreted by the immature follicles of the ovary, so it is used as an indication of ovarian reserve. It does not depend on mature eggs or gonadotropins, that is, it is not dependent on the menstrual cycle, so it can be taken at any time. It is used to determine the number of eggs left in the ovaries. Low levels may indicate a decrease in ovarian reserve.

Prolactin: This hormone is especially important during pregnancy, as it stimulates milk production in the mammary glands. Elevated levels in a nonlactating woman makes the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia, which is a cause of infertility and requires treatment to achieve pregnancy.

Thyroid (TSH, T3, T4): Thyroid disorders can influence fertility. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are measured to assess thyroid function. Free T4 and T3 may indicate decreased production of thyroid hormone, essential for metabolism, including ovulation and pregnancy.

Immunological tests: In some cases, tests may be done to evaluate the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies or immunological problems that may affect embryo implantation.
Karyotype: Used to evaluate a person’s entire chromosome structure and number. The chromosome is a cellular structure that contains genetic material and carries hereditary information, making it an important tool in the diagnosis of genetic disorders and other medical conditions. In some cases, more advanced genetic testing may be needed for a more accurate diagnosis. Interpretation of karyotype results is usually performed in the clinical context by geneticists and other health professionals.

Infectious tests: blood tests to evaluate the presence of infections that could affect the ability to conceive or lead to a successful pregnancy. Some of the blood tests for infections commonly included in the fertility assessment are: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B and C, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma, Syphilis, Chlamidia and gonorrhea.
All of these tests help doctors identify possible obstacles in the design process and determine the most appropriate treatment.

….. by means of simple or trained spermogram, hormonal analysis, DNA analysis by means of the sperm fragmentation test and testicular biopsies.